Patrick - Arundel (Patri

Patrick - Arundel (Patri
Overview diagram in Figure -154 -154 (Ту-154) is a former Soviet Tupolev Design Bureau developed three engine medium-range airliner. When 154 Pictures (19) years at NATO codename called "careless" (Careless). Similar models of the Boeing 727 in the United States, the United Kingdom's Trident airliner. mediterranean cruises TU-154 in 1966 began to design, to replace the former Soviet civil aviation -104 figure, IL -18 aircraft. Early 1968 in Zhukovsky near Moscow factory taxiing tests, October 14, 1968 the first test flight. A total of six prototypes and pre-production machines mediterranean cruises for the test, beginning from the first seven deliveries to the former Soviet Union Civil Aviation Authority to use. 1971 years ago the Soviet Union civil aviation with the received first Tu-154 aircraft and preliminary validation flight mediterranean cruises crew training flight, beginning in May 1971 e-mail and cargo transport, in July put into Moscow - airline passenger flight between Tbilisi , began in Moscow February 9, 1972 - North Caucasus mine Watertown route flight, the same year on August 1, began in Moscow - Prague fly international routes Aeroflot Figure -154M. TU-154 rear fuselage mounted engines and basic layout three "T" type tail, similar to the Boeing 727. Figure -154 structural stability, propulsion - weight ratio (weight ratio) is better off performing well on the runway to take off from a rugged, with 14 large-scale low-pressure tires to enable them to snow on the runway without landing flat . Boeing's passenger habits, the Tu-154's cabin seems rather narrow. This is because the internal cabin oval-shaped cross-section and the ceiling lower than the average Western-developed aircraft. TU-154 passenger door than similar mediterranean cruises models of small West, and the location of the cabin roof luggage rack is also very limited. As of 2006 discontinued, TU-154 TU-154 aircraft of various types already have a lot of models. In addition to general weight and engines respectively, the Tu-154 mediterranean cruises have different models with different fuels. Many are fitted with noise reduction TU-154 device, there are some further converted into cargo aircraft. mediterranean cruises Figure -154 Basic. Power unit mounted three sets Kuznetsov NK-8-2 turbofan engines. Capacity 167 people. July 1971 to start delivery. Figure -154A development type. Capacity and dimensions unchanged, installed mediterranean cruises three sets of NK-8-2U turbofan engine, increasing engine power. Additional central fuel tank, increasing the maximum takeoff weight, improved equipment and systems to improve flight performance and reliability, reduced maintenance requirements, and to install additional emergency exit. The second half of 1973 the first flight, in April 1974 the former Soviet Union civil aviation test run, in 1975 officially put into flight.
Figure -154B Figure -154B improved. A power plant with the same type. A new addition for grade autoland Thomson / CSF / SFIM Company automatic flight control and navigation equipment. In the control system uses a low-speed lateral mediterranean cruises control spoiler, spoiler along the exhibition to increase low-speed ailerons shorter outer segment improved lateral flight maneuverability. Increasing the maximum takeoff weight. After airtight rear fuselage bulkhead shift, increasing mediterranean cruises the length of the cabin, passenger capacity of 180 people. Type A is used in the fuel ballast can be used as fuel in the normal B-type. 1977 started batch production. Figure upgraded handling equipment -154B-1. Figure -154B-2 introduces a Western flight control and navigation systems, including a crosswind landing system and a new radar system. This model is export-oriented. Figure -154C (Figure -154S) cargo type. 1982 a proposal. Carried out on the basis of the B-type improvements, the front fuselage on the left wing to open a 2.8 meters mediterranean cruises wide, 1.87 meters high cargo door. Enhanced cargo floor. Main cargo volume mediterranean cruises 73 m 3, the entire cargo floor is equipped with a ball, roll bar system, shipping mediterranean cruises 9 2.24 m 2.74 m set loading tray. There are 38 m 3 of space under the luggage compartment floor shipping bulk cargo. Figure -154C normal load of 20,000 kg, a range of 2900 kilometers.
Chinese Air Force Figure 154M, the reason mediterranean cruises China United Airlines using the central engine inlet expansion, the original mediterranean cruises auxiliary power unit is located under the center of the engine mediterranean cruises to move the fuselage tail cone. Dress Suoluo Wei Aliyev D-30KU turbofan engine, the economy than the previous model, quiet and reliable. Russian aviation Figure -154M reliable attendance rate has been higher than 99%. General mediterranean cruises Administration of Civil Aviation mediterranean cruises of China had introduced 30 this model. Figure -154M have the following model: Figure -154M-LK-1 is used to pick officials models. Figure -154M2 is a twin-engine model, equipped with two PS-90A turbofan engines. Figure -154-100 redesigned cockpit and cabin. Figure -155 / -156 is a model diagram using hydrogen or natural gas as fuel. Figure -155 central engine may use natural gas or methane, and in the late 1980s first flight. Figure 3 -156 all hydrogen or natural gas engines can be used. Both models in the development process of the introduction of low-temperature physics technology.
Under the wing cantilever monoplane, all-metal three beams damaged ordinary security structure. Quarter-chord sweep angle 35 . The beam to the right and left aileron extends to the end. 5 slat segment accounted for 80% on each side of the wing leading edge. Three slotted flaps. Slats for hydraulic drive, electric flaps. There are four on each side of the wing spoiler, spoiler wing both inside as deceleration and unloading lift devices. Outer segment aileron provide lateral control, the segment aileron mediterranean cruises in flight as spoilers. Slats for electric anti-icing. Spoiler T-cantilever all-metal structure. Horizontal tail quarter chord sweep angle 40 , vertical stabilizer front edge sweep angle of 45 . The rudder and elevators for the honeycomb structure. All tail control surfaces are hydraulically operated. Tail, horizontal tail leading edge of both the engine bleed air anti-icing. Ordinary circular fuselage cross-section all-metal semi-monocoque structure. Fuselage mediterranean cruises cross-section diameter of 3.8 meters. In addition to the nose radome and equipped with auxiliary power units for non-pressurized extravehicular tail cone, the rest of the cabin are airtight pressurized cabin. mediterranean cruises All skins processed by chemical milling together. Landing gear hydraulic retractable tricycle. Income before landing gear forward fuselage, the main landing gear backwards income after trailing edge fairing. Disc brakes with anti-skid devices. Before landing gear wheel for side by side, the main landing gear for the 6 car type, this car can make the Tu-154 landing gear used on the concrete runway 180 mm thick. Basic power unit mounted three sets Kuznetsov NK-8-2 turbofan engine, single thrust of 93.16 kN (9500 kg), of which two hanging in the rear fuselage, the middle one in the tail, Its curved inlet extends to the vertical tail root. Figure -154A installed three sets of NK-8-2U turbofan engine, single thrust of 102.9 kN (10,500 kg). Figure -154M facelift mediterranean cruises Suoluo Wei Aliyev D-30KU turbofan mediterranean cruises engine, single thrust of 104 kN (10,604 kg). All fuel storage tank within six whole wings, for adjusting the amount of fuel tanks, each tank are connected to the same set of oil tank, forcing an emergency landing in case, let go of the available carbon dioxide gas quickly rushed mediterranean cruises the fuel tank. Engine mediterranean cruises inlet leading edge with the engine bleed air anti-icing equipment. Each type has installed a TA-95 auxiliary power units. There are positive, co-pilot and flight engineer three seats in the cabin cockpit. Basic standard layout for six per row, 54 cockpit, cabin 104, a total of 158. The latest figure -154M seats to 180. A total of four cabin doors and four emergency exits. For pressurized cargo compartment, two front doors, and a cargo-handling machinery. Air-conditioning system for the cabin pressurization system. 3 sets of hydraulic system for a hydraulic pump driven by the engine pressure. Any set of hydraulic systems can be independently driven wheel brakes, steering system booster, mediterranean cruises flaps, mediterranean cruises spoilers and retractable landing gear. 3 sets of engine driven alternator, as well as a 36-volt AC and 27-volt DC power system, and another four batteries. Each engine nacelle has a fire extinguishing system, auxiliary power unit driven by a DC generator or alternator, as an emergency power system. Luggage compartment has a smoke alarm. Two anti-icing system for the electric wing leading edge anti-icing, use engine bleed air wing leading edge anti-icing. Airborne automatic flight control system and inertial navigation systems, measuring the relative distance between mediterranean cruises the ground station and heading navigation radio navigation system, modified mediterranean cruises yaw angle and ground speed of the Doppler radar systems, moving map display, record and inertial navigation systems mediterranean cruises Data radio navigation system. Digital / analog hybrid computer can combine data from aircraft air data sensors mediterranean cruises and navigation equipment to the automatic flight control system. Transponder provides native speed, altitude and identification of ground radar. 3 sets of angle of attack sensors, PB-5 radio altimeter, APK-15 radio compass, shortwave and VHF communication radio installed in the canopy of weather radar. Figure -154M autopilot system there and supporting the use of 3-channel autopilot, the plane took off to 400 meters to 30 meters after the landing phase of flight before the automatic flight control system can be used. Technical data Kaczynski plane - 154 cockpit maximum 6600 km maximum fuel load range 3740 km range safety record briefly Figure -154 relatively poor safety record. But the reasons for the accident is usually due to prolonged use in harsh and extreme weather, frequent flights, low quality of maintenance and human error, but rarely is a design flaw. Figure -154 served a total of 62 since the accidental loss. In these crashed Tu-154, there are six or army because of the terrorist attacks caused by downed. Some of which were also apparently due to bad weather in the landing runway, including a stay with the accident on the runway of snow removal vehicles collide. There are crew misjudged the situation, such as on July 2, 2002, 巴什克里安 Airlines flight 2937 flight number and DHL611 (Boeing 757 cargo plane) in the German state of Baden - Württemberg 堡邦乌 bohringen over the collision. Two machines at the same time FL360 (36000 feet), when DHL cargo plane by TCAS warning system (TCAS) indicating decline, 巴什克里安 Russian aviation driver did not follow the instructions on the TCAS high, but according to Swiss Days Error recommendation guide ATC decline was a result of the tragedy. Major accidents mediterranean cruises July 7, 1980 plane pattern -154B-2 aircraft crashed taking mediterranean cruises off from Almaty mediterranean cruises airport, 163 people were killed. October 15, 1984 plane TU-154 airliner in the Omsk airport runway and collided with a tanker truck, 150 people were killed in the fire. July 10, 1985 plane TU-154 airliner mediterranean cruises into the spiral from the Tashkent airport mediterranean cruises and crashed, mediterranean cruises causing 200 deaths. May 23, 1991 plane TU-154 passenger plane in Leningrad Pulkovo airport when approaching stall fell to the ground, on board 164 passengers, 12 people were killed and 34 people were injured. July 20, 1992 a TU-154 cargo plane at Tbilisi airport because of overloading the crash, seven crew members and six delivery personnel mediterranean cruises killed. February 8, 1993 a TU-154 airliner Iran Air Force fighter jet collided with Iran, 130-135 people were killed. January 3, 1994 flight from Irkutsk to Moscow Tu-154 airliner taking off shortly after, due to a fault in the crash on his way back to the airport, nine crew members and 111 passengers were killed. June 6, 1994 China Northwest Airlines plane Figure -154M aircraft (B-2610 numbers) crashed near Xi'an, 160 people were killed. mediterranean cruises Later investigations by the operating system maintenance error is the cause of the fault accident. December 7, 1995 Russian plane TU-154 airliner mediterranean cruises flying from Khabarovsk, Yuzhno way crashed 88 passengers and eight crew members were killed. August 29, 1996 Russian plane TU-154 airliner crashed during approach and landing in Norway, Sri Lanka match times humble roots Islands Longyearbyen airport, on board 10 crew and 131 miners were killed in Norway. December 15, 1997 Tajikistan Airlines Tu-154 passenger plane crashed while approaching the airport in Sharjah, UAE, 86 passengers on board, only one survived. August 31, 1998 Cuban Airlines plane TU-154 airliner crashed during takeoff from the airport in Quito, Ecuador, mediterranean cruises 70 people mediterranean cruises were killed. mediterranean cruises September 13, 1997 German plane TU-154 airliner collided in Namibia and the United States C-141 military mediterranean cruises transport plane, 33 people were killed. February 24, 1999 China Southwest Airlines plane TU-154 mediterranean cruises aircraft (B-2622 mediterranean cruises numbers) en route from Chengdu to Wenzhou, stall crashed in place 30 km away from Wenzhou airport during landing in the fall, 64 people were killed. After investigating the accident occurred due to the elevator repair shop manipulation rod assembly errors, routine maintenance has failed to identify problems hidden elevator leading to the aircraft in flight operations steering linkage disconnected, the loss of pitch control capability and stall fell to the ground. July 3, 2001 Russian Figure -154M an aircraft during approach at Irkutsk airport, mediterranean cruises crashed 20 kilometers from the airport at the place, and on board 127 passengers and nine crew members were killed. July 3, 2001 Russian plane TU-154 airliner at the airport 22 km west of Irkutsk place crashed 136 passengers and nine crew members were killed. October 4, 2001 Russo-Japanese Siberia mediterranean cruises Airlines plane TU-154 airliner flying from Tel Aviv to Novosibirsk mediterranean cruises on the way, in Ukraine over the Black Sea was hit by anti-aircraft missile mediterranean cruises troops, killing all 78 people on board. July 2, 2002 俄罗斯巴什 Kiel Airline TU-154 airliner in the southern German state of Baden - Württemberg 堡邦乌 bohringen over with a Boeing 757 cargo plane collided mediterranean cruises with a cargo aircraft and 69 on the two crew members were killed on. February 12, 2002 the Iranian Airlines 154 passenger plane in the mountains of western Iran near Khorramabad crashed 105 passengers and 12 crew members were killed. August 24, 2004 Russia's Siberia Airlines Tu-154 passenger plane en route from Moscow to Sochi, is a 名叫捷比尔汉诺 baby Chechen "black widow" suicide terrorist attacks implemented in Rostov State crashed, killing all 46 people on the machine. mediterranean cruises August 22, 2006 俄罗斯普尔科 Waugh Airline TU-154 airliner in the eastern city of Ukraine